Mobile Internet Through The Decades

Though not obviously about satellite communications, I thought this Infographic by Josh Cantrell would be of interest and worth sharing.

Mobile Internet Through The Decades

So what has the above got to do with satellite communications?
The explosive growth in mobile traffic, which is set to dramatically increase as 4G rolls out across the world, directly impacts satellite communications. Have you ever asked yourself “How does all this mobile traffic get around the globe?”. While much of it gobbles up capacity on microwave links and fibreoptic backhaul, there are many areas in the world that don’t have enough, if any, of such infrastructure. In these cases the use of communications satellites provides immediate interconnections, with minimal infrastructure implementation and expenditure by the carriers.

Even the existing commercial satellite communications bands, C-Band and Ku-Band are filling up. Fortunately, the new Ka-Band frequencies are coming into their own, and Ka-Band can provide orders of magnitude more capacity. For two good White Papers about Ka-Band (one general; one Africa-specific) have a look at this link.

Many thanks to Stacy Parson, Director of Marketing at Branditup Media for flagging up this Infographic.

See the Sirius FM-4 Satellite at The Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum

The SiriusXM Satellite at The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum

The SiriusXM Satellite at The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum

The SiriusXM FM-4 Satellite at The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC, USA. Photo by Dane Penland

One of the first satellites designed to provide space-based digital radio service to consumers in the United States and Canada was donated by SiriusXM Radio and Space Systems/Loral to the Smithsonian. The Sirius FM-4 broadcasting satellite was built as a flight-ready back-up for a constellation of three satellites developed by SiriusXM and manufactured by Space Systems/Loral. The FM-4 satellite will be on display in the James S. McDonnell Space Hangar of the National Air and Space Museum’s Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center.

“The availability of a flight unit like Sirius FM-4, which was never launched, is extremely rare and will be a significant addition to the museum’s collection,” said Martin Collins, space history curator. [Read more...]

What is 4G? Do you know?

It’s not often that I stray into the broader world of telecommunications, but I was so impressed with this article by Mark Gregory in “The Conversation” that I wanted to share it in its entirety.
For those of you who want a peek behind the ’4G’ acronym without being sucked into a morass of technical detail, then this is the article to read.

Explainer: what is 4G?

4G Graphic

You’ll be hearing a lot more about 4G networks in the years to come.
Leo Reynolds/chrisinplymouth

By Mark Gregory, RMIT University

If you’re looking to buy a new smartphone or computer you’ve probably seen advertisements and offers for 4G-compatible devices. You might even own a 4G-compatible device already.

But just what is 4G? How does it compare to existing 3G networks? And what is the current availability of 4G networks in Australia?

[Read more...]

Loss of the OTS 1 Satellite

NASA Camera Frame 1

OTS In Orbit - Artist's Impression

The OTS Satellite In Orbit – Artist’s Impression

This is a sorry tale of how four years’ work was destroyed in 54 seconds. Some say that the number thirteen is unlucky and on 13th September 1977, exactly 35 years ago today, this proved to be the case for me and the whole team that developed the OTS satellite. Here’s how things played out.

The European Space Agency’s Orbital Test Satellite (OTS) was one of the very first geostationary, 3-axis-stabilised Ku-Band communications satellites. It was developed as a test bed for a host of new European technologies and transmission techniques aimed at bringing regional TV and trunk telephony services to Europe. It was the forerunner of the highly successful ECS satellites which were subsequently operated and managed by EUTELSAT.

I spent four years working on different aspects of the OTS satellite, the communications transmission design and on the ground segment earth stations. For any interested readers with a technical bent you can check out details on the EXPERIENCE and PUBLICATIONS pages of this site.

In March 1977 I took on the role of designing, planning and implementing the in-orbit testing (IOT) of OTS. This was to be carried out from Telespazio’s Fucino earth station complex in the mountains east of Rome, Italy, and you can check out the Fucino earth station complex with the interactive Google Map on my related blog post [Read more...]

50 Years of Satellite Communications

It’s not often that I publish two blog posts in quick succession, but this is an exception. Only a couple of weeks ago on July 10th 2012 I posted “The Birth of Satellite Communications” on the anniversary of the launch of Telstar, the world’s first commercial communications satellite.
That blog post was subsequently published in the July 2012 MilsatMagazine article here.

Since then I have come across some other references and resources that I believe are really worth capturing and sharing. First, an excellent 12 minute video produced by the European Space Agency and entitled “50 Years via Satellite”. Below the ESA video are links to some things that The Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum have contributed. All these are worth watching.

ESA-Euronews video: 50 Years via Satellite

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The Smithsonian Institute National Air and Space Museum Links:
The Smithsonian Institute hosted a commemorative event here.
The chair of their History Division, Paul Ceruzzi, produced a very good blog post here.

Many thanks to Isabel Lara (@isalara) at The Smithsonian for providing these two links.

Olympic Games 2012 – Powered by Satellites

London 2012 Olympic Games Stadium

Without satellites, the Olympics wouldn’t be what they are …

London 2012 Olympic Games Stadium

London 2012 Olympic Games Stadium

Only a lucky few million people will actually attend the London 2012 Olympic Games, whereas billions of people all over the world will feel part of the event as a result of the immediacy of live television.

The following 4 minute video produced by the European Space Agency, a leading light in the development of satellite communications, gives an overview of how this is achieved:

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In the coming days the Olympic Games will attract a worldwide audience and from wherever we are on the globe we’ll all be able to follow the events in London. This is a fantastic showcase for space technologies which are often unknown and taken for granted.

The evolution of space activity, and in particular, satellite telecommunications, has transformed the planet into a big stadium where everybody has a front seat. This video recalls the extraordinary progresses made in the relay of sports and the new tools now available for professionals and spectators around the world.
More background information can be found on: http://www.esa.int/esaTE/index.html

50 Years Ago Today – The Birth of Satellite Communications

The Telstar Satellite

The Telstar Satellite

The Telstar Satellite

10th July 1962 marked the birth of satellite communications. Exactly 50 years ago today the Telstar satellite commenced its journey into space from Cape Canaveral and became the first ever active commercial communications satellite. It carried the first live trans-Atlantic TV broadcasts.

These days, satellite launches are commonplace and polar orbits, MEO orbits, Molniya orbits, Tundra orbits and the geostationary orbit are filled with communications satellites operating at frequency bands from UHF through L-Band, S-Band, C-Band, X-Band, Ku-Band, Ka-Band and above. As at 1st January 2012 there were 419 satellites operating in the geostationary orbit alone.

I’m not writing this as a “third party commentator”, but as someone who has been intimately involved with and has contributed to the development of satellite communications [Read more...]

7 MINUTES OF TERROR

Seven minutes of terror when the Mars Curiosity (MSL) rover undertakes its planned descent to the Martian surface …

Team members at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory share the challenges of the Curiosity Mars rover’s final minutes to landing on the surface of Mars

Now that’s what I call systems engineering!

Vega Launch – Europe’s Newest Satellite Launcher

Watch live streaming video from eurospaceagency at livestream.com

Tomorrow, 13th February 2012 will see the launch of Europe’s newest satellite launch vehicle, Vega, from the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Spaceport at Kourou, weather permitting. This first test flight Vega launch will carry 9 payloads – seven Cubesat satellites plus two Italian Space Agency satellites.

The video feed above provides an extremely interesting overview of the Vega programme, and will switch to live coverage of the launch at 10:40 CET on Monday 13th February.

The Vega project is controlled and managed from ESA’s ESRIN Centre for Earth Observation at Frascati, just south of Rome. An idyllic location, given it is at the heart of some of Italy’s finest vineyards. [Read more...]

Radar Wars

Radar Wars

Radar Wars

Radar Wars

Not my usual sort of post, but this just had to be shared.

Believe me, this could well be true. I could recount some similar, real situations – but then they’d have to shoot me!

Attribution: I always like to acknowledge, reference and attribute things which I put into posts, if possible. On researching this I couldn’t track down the original source but I did find this: http://www.snopes.com/horrors/techno/radar.asp. It’s well worth a read as there are a lot of solid technical facts therein.

Young Australian of the Year – Marita Cheng, Engineering Visionary

Marita Cheng - Engineering Visionary

Marita Cheng - Engineering Visionary

Young Australian of the Year 2012, Marita Cheng - an Engineering Visionary

The prime minister of Australia has just announced the “Australian of the Year” awards on the eve of Australia Day, 26th January. The Young Australian of the Year 2012 is Marita Cheng, who has been hailed as an engineering visionary.

GO ENGINEERS! GO WOMEN ENGINEERS! NATION BUILDERS!

Here’s an extract from the website of the Australian of the Year Awards 2012. More comprehensive information can be found on their website.

While still a university student, Marita Cheng has demonstrated vision and leadership well beyond her years and is dedicated to encouraging young women to become interested in a career in engineering. The daughter of Chinese parents, Marita was born and raised in far north Queensland and now studies at the University of Melbourne. She founded Robogals Global in 2008, as a response to the traditionally low levels of participation by women in engineering and technology. Robogals uses fun and educational activities to teach schoolgirls about engineering and the difference that engineers make to our lives. Already Robogals has run robotics workshops for 3,000 girls across 80 schools in Australia and now has 17 chapters across Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. [Read more...]

Year of the Dragon – 龙年

龙年 Year of the Dragon


龙年

龙年

龙年吉祥!

新的一年祝全世界人民好运连连生活美满!

Welcome to the Year of the Dragon!

I hope that this new year will bring good luck to all people in the world.

I don’t speak or write Chinese, so I sincerely hope that the above Chinese text correctly conveys my meaning. If it is wrong in any way then please leave a Comment below – but only in English or French or Dutch or German or Italian or Spanish!

Since the initial posting of this greeting I have received some excellent help and advice about the Chinese language from @gonewind. I must also thank @PalaEksa for facilitating this.
Thank you both so much, and Happy New Year of the Dragon!

WGS-4 Military Communications Satellite Launch

ULA Launch of Boeing WGS-4 Satellite

ULA Launch of Boeing WGS-4 Satellite

ULA Launch of Boeing WGS-4 Satellite

Boeing has received the first on-orbit signals from the fourth Wideband Global SATCOM (WGS) satellite it is delivering to the U.S. Air Force. The signals indicate that WGS-4, the first in the Block II series, is healthy and ready to begin orbital manoeuvres and operational testing.
Further detailed information can be found on Boeing’s website here.

WGS-4 launched on a United Launch Alliance Delta IV vehicle on 19th January 2012 at 7:38 p.m. Eastern time from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. Controllers confirmed initial contact with the spacecraft 58 minutes later at 8:36 p.m. Eastern time at a ground station in Dongara, Australia. Boeing’s Mission Control Centre in El Segundo, California confirmed that the satellite is functioning normally.

The dramatic launch video, photographs and further information can be found on ULA’s website here.

WGS-4 is an extremely advanced satellite operating at the established X-Band and the high frequency Ka-Band. It uses phased array, shaped beam, steerable spotbeams to provide coverage to support coalition forces [Read more...]

The Ultimate Seismograph + 97th Anniversary of Avezzano Earthquake

OTS In Orbit - Artist's Impression

This is not only a true story, but also is timed to mark the 97th Anniversary of the devastating earthquake which destroyed Avezzano on 13th January 1915, resulting in a massive loss of life.

Have you ever been in an earthquake? I have, once, and it’s scary. Not a powerful earthquake, admittedly, and most California residents would probably have called it a tremor. However, it was enough to wake me up in the middle of the night, in the dark, and my first thoughts were [Read more...]

How to Survive an Earthquake – The Triangle of Life

Every year there are hundreds, if not thousands of earthquakes but the only ones to make the headlines are those that impact significantly on us humans. 2011 was a bad year for such events – I don’t need to name them as they will all flash into your mind as you read this.

For a while now I’ve been composing a blog post with the provisional title “The Ultimate Seismograph – How to Survive an Earthquake”. It describes an earthquake I was in and the very unique situation that transpired. While putting the finishing touches to it I realised that “How to Survive an Earthquake” demanded a separate blog post of its own, so here it is. [Read more...]

Santa Claus – An Engineer’s Perspective

Someone sent me this in an email quite a few years ago. It’s a gem! I don’t know where it originated or who holds the copyright, but with apologies and grateful thanks to the copyright holder … Here it is:

There are approximately two billion children (persons under 18) in the world. However, since Santa does not visit children of Muslim, Hindu, Jewish or Buddhist (except maybe in Japan) religions this reduces the workload for Christmas night to 15% of the total, or 378 million (according to the Population Reference Bureau).

At an average (census) rate of 3.5 children per household, [Read more...]

Merry Christmas & Happy New Year

Season's Greetings

Season's Greetings

Season's Greetings

I wanted to send some sort of holiday greeting to my friends and colleagues, but it’s difficult in today’s world to know exactly what to say without offending someone. So I met with my lawyer last night, and on advice I wish to say the following:

DEFINITIONS
“The Wisher” – Me.
“The Wishee” – You.
“The Wishes” – My Wishes, where the plural also implies the singular and vice versa where appropriate as inferred from the context.

GREETING
Please accept with no obligation, implied or implicit, my best Wishes for [Read more...]

Watch the VLA Antennas Dance

TimeScapes 4K from Tom Lowe on Vimeo.

When I saw this short time-lapse video I was just blown away! Twenty seven 25 metre antennas of the Very Large Array (VLA) in New Mexico dancing in unison – and to music.

Thanks so much to Brigitte Bailleul (@Brigitte_Ba on Twitter) [Read more...]

New Asia-Pacific Editor for SatMagazine + MilsatMagazine

Well, I guess the time has arrived for me to come in from the cold and own up to who I really am!

I’m Dr Bob Gough, managing director of Carrick Communications Ltd, and I’ve just been appointed as the Asia-Pacific Editor for SatMagazine and MilsatMagazine. These are published monthly by the long-established Satnews Publishers, which is arguably the market leading publisher in the field. I’ll be contributing to the Insight and Focus features of both magazines.

I’m really excited by this because, as you’ll have realised, I’m very much into satellite communications and space, and I also like writing – I enjoy trying to paint pictures in readers’ minds.
I’ve got a feeling that this could become an all-consuming activity!

As part of this editorial position, I’m always on the lookout for newsworthy stories, [Read more...]

Good News for Goonhilly, Space Science & Cornwall

I love being able to report good news and I heard some very good news yesterday. So much so that I think I’ve upset all my Twitter followers by bombarding them with tweets – I apologise! (a quick “Thank You” to @DocLorraine, @DrLucyRogers and @stewartwardby for responding so quickly).

What was so good that it got me all excited? [Read more...]

Watch the Mars Science Lab (MSL) Launch Here

Goonhilly – Yesterday, Today + Tomorrow

November 2011 SatMagazine Cover

November 2011 SatMagazine Cover

SatMagazine Cover November 2011

Having been involved one way and another with the Goonhilly satellite earth station for some 35 years, imagine my delight at being asked by Satnews Publishers to write an Insight Feature about it for their monthly SatMagazine. I viewed this as a real honour, since Satnews Publishers is a long-established and arguably the market-leading source of news and in-depth articles about space and the satellite communications industry.

The timescale was very tight and over a weekend, but so what. The only problem was that I needed to gather and verify all sorts of facts, and that meant ruining the weekend of a few colleagues in the UK. They were brilliant and went out of their way to help me. I disturbed one person at 9:00pm UK time on the Saturday night while he was out with his family at the Blackpool Illuminations.
He was good about it but I don’t think his wife will ever speak to me again!

To view the Insight Feature at SatMagazine click here:

“Goonhilly – Yesterday, Today + Tomorrow”

If, after reading the Feature, any of you are interested in the details [Read more...]

Watch Dramatic NASA NPP Launch

NASA’s National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Preparatory Project (NPP) spacecraft was launched aboard a Delta II rocket at 5:48 a.m. EDT today, on a mission to measure both global climate changes and key weather variables. Just watch this superb live NASA video of today’s NPP launch from Vandenberg.

Now here’s a coincidence. It’s only a few hours ago that I published [Read more...]

LA Confidential – X-Band & Artichokes

The Westin Bonaventure Hotel, Los Angeles

The Westin Bonaventure Hotel, Los Angeles

The Westin Bonaventure Hotel

I’m the sort of person who likes to plan, but despite my best intentions life always seems to be event-driven. Such is the case today, which is why I’m writing this. Let me explain:

I’m on Linkedin and am a member of some 30+ Groups relating to satellite communications. Being a helpful sort of guy I try to answer questions posed by Group members if they relate to a topic that I know something about. Such was the case today when I saw that someone had posed the question along the lines “What is the difference between the use of a Klystron and a TWTA in an earth station transmitter”?
Well, that’s right up my street. I remembered writing a paper related to this way back in 1981. Even though that was 30 years ago and technology evolves, the underlying physics remains the same.

The paper was entitled “Design of a High Power Earth Station Transmitter for the Band 7.9 to 8.4 GHz”. As you’ll all know that is one of the main uplink bands (X-Band) used for military satellite communications and the paper arose out of some work I did on a contract for a particular Government [Read more...]

Soyuz Launches 2 Galileo Satellites Today

Watch live streaming video from eurospaceagency at livestream.com

Watch the launch preparations at Kourou, the successful launch, [Read more...]

Help Save Goonhilly Earth Station Complex

Photo courtesy of and copyright Ian Jones, 2011


Photo courtesy of and copyright Ian Jones, 2011

Goonhilly 3 Antenna and the Orion Constellation

Everybody’s heard of Goonhilly, haven’t they? No? I’m amazed, so here’s the story of a piece of UK National and technological heritage and why it desperately needs your support right now.

There’s an urgent petition to the UK Government which needs to be considered and, if agreed with, then signed by all people who do not want to see yet another piece of national heritage callously discarded by short-term-interest politicians and NMP (not my problem) bureaucrats.
If I sound cynical, just look at what the last Government did with the Foreign Office Library. They scrapped it! Apparently, you can now find original, ancient treaties etc of the British Empire for sale on EBay!!!

The petition site is at http://www.petitionbuzz.com/petitions/goonhilly

Goonhilly Downs – a windswept, out-of-the-way location on the Lizard peninsular by the Atlantic Ocean in south west Cornwall, England became a dramatic focal point at the dawn of the satellite communications era. Why, you might ask? [Read more...]

Welcome to the New Satellite Spy Website

Satellite Spy

Welcome to Satellite Spy’s new website at www.satellitespy.net.

For previous followers of the blog when it was located on Blogger – Congratulations! You’ve found its new home.

I’m still fighting a few glitches with the new site, not the least of which is that the Landing page is wrong, coupled with the fact that currently there are two Home pages.

I don’t have the final locations for the different pages nailed down yet, but hopefully that will be sorted out in the next couple of days. When it’s completed [Read more...]

Oh Deer – The MX Missile, a Flying Coffin and the Twin Towers

Manhattan Skyline With World Trade Centre

Manhattan Skyline With World Trade Centre

Manhattan Skyline With World Trade Centre

The anniversary of the atrocity committed against the USA has triggered memories of a day some 30 years ago which culminated in a picture-perfect flight into NYC’s La Guardia airport, the approach being down the Hudson River with a sharp turn to port across Manhattan onto the final approach. A stunning afternoon view of Manhattan and the twin towers of the World Trade Centre.

However, the story starts the day before. I was marketing & sales director of a company that I’ll call F-Corp (if there’s a real company called F-Corp, I apologise.It’s not you!). I’d been in the States visiting customers and I flew into the town of Binghamton in upstate New York at about 9:00pm one evening. It was early spring, very cold and with recent snow on the ground.

Why Binghamton? Well, F-Corp had developed a completely new technology for very high-performance, small, light weight microwave filters. These devices had major advantages in airborne and space applications where light weight and stability in extremes of temperature and pressure were essential. They met the US military’s MIL STD 5400E environmental specifications. [Read more...]

Deepest, Darkest Borneo

It might be a week or so before my next post as I’m about to depart from the connected world for a bit. Internet availability in Borneo is expected to be patchy – that’s why they’ll benefit from more satellite communications.

If I manage to survive the jungle, the mosquitoes, leeches, snakes,spiders and the occasional Orang-utan I hope to surface eventually in Singapore.Then immediately travelling on to colder climes.

After having made some 6,000 flights I never really want to see [Read more...]

First and Last Launches of the Space Shuttle

Well spotted. The internal photo isn’t a picture of the Space Shuttle. It’s the European Space Agency‘s (ESA) first astronaut, Wubbo Ockels, inside the ESA Spacelab D1 in the Shuttle’s cargo bay (both pictures are courtesy of and copyright ©NASA).

I’m writing this piece now because today is to be the very last flight of a space shuttle. As I type, the launch is scheduled for about 5 hours’ time, weather at Cocoa Beach permitting.

Spacelab was developed in parallel and in conjunction with NASA’s space shuttle to be the orbiting laboratory in the Shuttle’s cargo bay, as a follow-on for Skylab and prior to the ISS (International Space Station).

The Spacelab programme was run from ESA’s ESTEC facility (European Space Technology Centre) in Noordwijk, The Netherlands. I worked at ESTEC all through the 1970s – not on Spacelab but on different communications satellites. [Read more...]

Following and Commenting

From 1st October 2011 the specifics of the next four paragraphs in italics no longer apply, following the move to this new www.satellitespy.net website. The rest do – because I can’t change history!

[A couple of people have had questions about following and posting comments on the blog.

If you want to follow, then click the blue-background ‘Join this site’ button on the right. That should take you to some sign-up options. You can then follow using your Google, Yahoo or Twitter sign-ins.

If you’re already a Blogger member you can sign in via the ‘Already a member’ link underneath the Followers’ pictures.

I’ve tried to set this up so that only Followers can post comments. To post a comment click the “n comments” link underneath the blog post text. Right now, it’s set up so that I have the option to moderate all comments. Why? Well there are a few folks I know where the language could become somewhat florid! Let’s see how it goes.]

Now, I hope the above is clear and that I’ve set things up correctly. I’m not very good with programming things like TV remotes or DVD recorders. In fact, I shouldn’t really be let loose on any equipment or control mechanisms at all.

I remember once carrying out some antenna pattern tests on a geostationary communications satellite 36,000 km up and located [Read more...]

Prologue : Satellite Spy’s First Blog Post

How do you start a blog that you know will go on for years? My answer: Dive in at the deep end!

This is the book I’ve wanted to write for years, but organising a book, spending months getting everything organised and in the right order is just plain boring. When, if ever, it’s finished it’ll be out of date, things will be missing and it’ll need a re-write.

No, much better to tell the story as it flows and let events and readers’ responses trigger half-forgotten incidents. Thank goodness someone invented blogs.

I’ve been into space and communications ever since I can remember, as evidenced by the photo. Yes, that’s really me back in the 1950s in my space suit with plastic (a new invention!) helmet and an old valve radio/TV chassis. [Read more...]